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11	11	== Building Blocks of P4P Networks ==
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14	14	(% class="box" %)
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16		-If you would like to look at the terminology you can read more about definitions here.
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	20	+Lost in translation? Take a look at the [[terminology>>doc:P4P.Definitions.WebHome]].
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20	20	To fully assemble a P4P network one needs a few different building blocks. The following is an overview of the building blocks needed for P4P networks.
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	26	+##### 9. **Data Synchronization**
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	28	+> Synchronization answers **how updates flow between peers** and how they determine what data to exchange. This layer is about **diffing, reconciliation, order, causality tracking, and efficient exchange**, not persistence or user-facing collaboration semantics.
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	30	+- _How do peers detect differences and synchronize state?_
	31	+- Examples: Range-Based Set Reconciliation, RIBLT, Gossip-based sync, State-based vs op-based sync, Lamport/Vector/HLC clocks, Braid Protocol
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	33	+*Relevant links or documentation:*
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	36	+##### 10. **Collaborative Data Structures & Conflict Resolution**
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	38	+> This layer defines **how shared data evolves** when multiple peers edit concurrently. It focuses on **conflict-free merging, causality, and consistency of meaning**, not transport or storage. CRDTs ensure deterministic convergence, while event-sourced or stream-driven models maintain a history of all changes and derive consistent state from it.
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	40	+- _How do peers collaboratively change shared data and merge conflicts?_
	41	+- Examples: CRDTs (Yjs, Automerge), OT, Event Sourcing, Stream Processing, Version Vectors, Peritext
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	43	+*Relevant links or documentation:*
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	46	+##### 11. **Data Storage & Replication**
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	48	+> This layer focuses on **durability, consistency, and redundancy**. It handles write-paths, crash-resilience, and replication semantics across nodes. It is the “database/storage engine” layer where **data lives and survives over time**, independent of sync or merging logic.
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	50	+- _How is data persisted locally and replicated between peers?_
	51	+- Examples: SQLite, IndexedDB, LMDB, Hypercore (append-only logs), WALs, Merkle-DAGs (IPFS/IPLD), Blob/media storage
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	53	+*Relevant links or documentation:*
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	55	+##### 12. **Peer & Content Discovery**
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	57	+> Discovery occurs in two phases:
	58	+> 1. **Peer Discovery** → finding _any_ nodes
	59	+> 2. **Topic Discovery** → finding _relevant_ nodes or resources
	60	+> These mechanisms enable decentralized bootstrapping and interest-based overlays.
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	63	+- _How do peers find each other, and how do they discover content in the network?_
	64	+- Examples: DHTs (Kademlia, Pastry), mDNS, DNS-SD, Bluetooth scanning, QR bootstrapping, static peer lists, Interest-based routing, PubSub discovery (libp2p), Rendezvous protocols
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	66	+*Relevant links or documentation:*
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	68	+##### 13. **Identity & Trust**
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	70	+> Identity systems ensure reliable mapping between peers and cryptographic keys. They underpin authorization, federated trust, and secure overlays.
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	72	+- _How peers identify themselves, authenticate, and establish trustworthy relationships?_
	73	+- Examples: PKI, Distributed Identities (DIDs), Web-of-Trust, TOFU (SSH-style), Verifiable Credentials (VCs), Peer key fingerprints (libp2p PeerIDs), Key transparency logs
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29	29	== Distributed Network Types ==
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36		-== Overview of P4P Networks ==
	87	+== Overview of P4P Networks ==
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38	38	{{include reference="Projects.WebHome"/}}